Four views were done for 1322 patients. Which of the following is true regarding the mediolateral oblique projection of the breast? Best answers. We modified the Njimegen's position in our routine practice and use . For masses, the sensitivity of the CAD system was 76% (45 of 59) in the craniocaudal view and 75% (44 of 59) in the mediolateral oblique view and increased to 93% (55 of 59) when mediolateral oblique and craniocaudal views were combined (P < .001). The SenoClaire option can be used for the same clinical applications as traditional mammography for screening mammography. Most of the current CAD systems detect suspicious mass regions independently in single views. Due to effects of gravity on calcium sedimentation, calcium-fluid levels are poorly seen in craniocaudal view but easily visualized in mediolateral oblique view. The oblique mediolateral position provides the single most important view in mammography. 1.) However, whether distortions and their associated cancers are more readily appreciable on cranio-caudal (CC) or mediolateral oblique (MLO) projection is unexplored. If no oblique image is taken, this mediolateral angle may be . Finally, using the points previously located the bound- mediolateral oblique (MLO) view where the pectoral mus- ary of the muscle is approximated by a straight line through c 978-1-4799-1053-3/13/$31.00 2013 IEEE 506 CBMS 2013 Figure 1. In this regard, what does breast cancer look like on . image: Selection of mammographic mediolateral oblique views of breasts with different breast density from women between 51 and 68 years of age. However, if the size of your breasts change or the density variation becomes larger over time, these . 10-5 ) or is obscured on the other view ( Fig. During routine screening mammography, the MLO view is preferred over a lateral 90-degree projection because more of the breast tissue can be imaged in the upper outer quadrant of the breast and the axilla (armpit). mediolateral oblique (MLO), visualization of the inframammary fold (IMF) was obtainable only 49% of the time. A, The depth on the mediolateral oblique (MLO) view is judged by the intersection of the pectoralis muscle with the posterior nipple line ( double arrow ).Therefore, the dashed line represents the minimal depth to be considered an adequate mammogram. The radiologist recommended additional spot magnification view (s) to evaluate calcificaitons in RT breast. This patient has incidental simple cyst in retroareolar region. in the CC view and a linear structure in the MLO view correspond to the same 3D structure in the breast. The mediolateral oblique (MLO) view is one of the two standard mammographic views, alongside the craniocaudal (CC) view.. Acquiring 2 views is imperative in order to adequately image the whole breast tissue. The medio-lateral view (ML) is taken from the center of the chest outward. There is a mediolateral oblique (MLO) view which is looking through your breast from the side. A. Mammogram of both breasts in mediolateral oblique view demonstrates ill-defined opacity on lower half of right breast (black arrows) with overlying skin thickening (white . A screening mammogram is composed of a CC and MLO view of each breast. Correct positioning is crucial to avoid missing lesions situated at the margins of the breast. Clips are placed within the tumor bed to assist with radiation therapy planning. The 'medio-lateral view', (ML) is a view from the center of the chest outward, whilst the 'latero-medial' view (or LM) is a view from the outer side of the breast, towards the middle of the chest. Because the MLO view images significantly more of the axillary tail and the posterior aspect of the breast (Lundgren, 1977) than the lateral view, it has replaced the lateral view as the complement. Screening Mammography MLO View The representation of the pectoral muscle on the MLO view is a key component in assessing the adequacy of patient positioning and therefore, the adequacy of the image. The oblique view was also shown to be superior to the mediolateral view for breast cancer detection (28,29). D, Image from SM in mediolateral oblique view. The mediolateral oblique projection for mammography is generally recommended as the primary view for breast screening programs. We propose a method for matching the corresponding ROIs by integrating the geometric model and image similarity searching. 1, we can find that images acquired from different views of breast mass provide more visual features than a single view. First, the chest wall is found using the variation in thickness of the breast near its edge. Pectoral muscle identification is often required for breast cancer risk analysis, such as estimating breast density. breast with two views: a lateral view called mediolateral oblique (MLO) view and a top head-to-toe view called cran-iocaudal (CC) view. Standard views are bilateral craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views, which comprise routine screening mammography. C, Magnification of the lesion depicted in B. MEDIOLATERAL VIEW (ML) The Mediolateral View, also called the medio-lateral view or (ML), is taken from the center of the chest between the breasts, outward. Mediolateral Oblique • The mediolateral oblique (MLO) offers the best opportunity to visualize the maximum amount of breast tissue in a single view. 2.4.2 Mediolateral-Oblique View. For all possible combinations of mass candidate regions, a number of features are determined. There are two standard mammographic projections: a mediolateral oblique (MLO) view and a craniocaudal (CC) view. The views are usually used for all routine screening clients. Mammographic distortions are an indicator of breast malignancy. Breast asymmetry is a common characteristic for women, and is often no cause for concern. 1 and 2 b. Determination of successful positioning and inclusion of all breast tissue is achieved through meeting stated image quality criteria. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3 The patient came back a week later and we took RT mediolateral oblique and RT craniocaudal views. Corrective A patient came for digital screening bilateral mammogram. That is, unless there is a contraindication, screening mammograms consist of these 4 views. The . Craniocaudal, or "CC view" (taken from top-down, shown on left), and mediolateral oblique, or "MLO view" (taken from the side at an angle, shown on right). 11). the breast should not droop on the image a. A technically adequate exam has the nipple in profile, allows visualization of the inframammary fold and includes the pectoralis muscle extending down to the posterior . In addition, there is a craniocaudal (CC) view which is looking through your breast from above. The 3D view of the linear structures is constructed from the abovementioned correspondences. An asymmetrical density mammogram in terms of the first mammographic finding usually refers to an ' opacity ' (obscured view in part of the breast) which is visible on only one projection (or one ' view or angle ' of the X-ray). The mediolateral oblique (MLO) view is one of the two standard mammographic views, alongside the craniocaudal (CC) view. It ensures optimal delineation of the largest possible area of the mammary gland including the axilla thus making an additional axillary view unnecessary. The breast tissue is compressed in a medial lateral oblique (MLO) orientation in order to obtain a large surface area for imaging. Using both views in screening improves the chance of detecting abnormalities, mainly due to additional information from the cranio caudal that allows the lesion to be seen If no oblique projection is taken, the mediolateral position may be preferable to the latero-medial view (LM, images the breast from the outer side of the breast inward toward the center of the chest) since the lateral side of the breast, where pathological changes are most commonly found, is then closest to the film. In this paper we present a method to match corresponding regions in mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC) mammographic views of the breast. Views of 48-year-old woman with palpable lump in upper outer left breast show heterogeneously dense tissue which may obscure small masses. Mediolateral Oblique Two projections, the mediolateral oblique and craniocaudal (CC), are routinely performed. Although the oblique view showed more breast tissue than the lateral view, two views were ultimately found to be better than a single view. 2.11. All women in the study had two view mammography. The tube is rotated 90 degrees and the lateral aspect of the chest wall is along the bucky edge. With the advance of technology, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has been developed to offer more objective evidence and increase the radiologist's diagnostic confidence. A total of 1369 female patients were included in this study. Screening usually consists of two-view mammography, i.e., a mediolateral oblique (MLO) and a cranio caudal (CC) film is obtained from both breasts. View larger version (132K) Adequacy. So look at the other view closely, keeping in mind the size, density, and depth of asymmetry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the added benefit in acquiring both tomosynthesis views craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique) rather than a single view in visualizing breast cancer. For every possible combination of mass regions in the MLO view and CC view, a number of features are computed, such as the difference in distance of a region to the nipple, a texture similarity . Four views were done for 1322 patients. Traditional methods are overwhelmingly based on manual visual assessment or straight line fitting for the pectoral muscle boundary, which are inefficient and inaccurate since pectoral muscle in mammograms can have curved boundaries. Because the MLO view images significantly more of the axillary tail and the posterior aspect of the breast (Lundgren, 1977) than the lateral view, it has replaced the lateral view as the complement mediolateral oblique view: A standard mammographic view taken from an oblique or angled view, which is the most important projection as it allows imaging of the greatest amount of breast tissue and is preferred over the lateral 90º projection. Mammography was performed on full field detector digital mammography equipment. Normal: Abnormal breast masses will not compress out but imaging artifact will. Length of muscle: Visualization of the pectoralis muscle down to the level of the posterior nipple line (PNL) should be demonstrated on the mediolateral oblique (MLO) projection. This program we will be discussing and demonstrating mammographic positioning techniques for the craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views. Fig. Width of muscle: There should be a wide margin of the pectoralis muscle in the axilla relative to the muscle width . oblique or angled view [mediolateral-oblique (MLO)]. and mediolateral oblique mammographic views ISSN 1751-9659 Received on 9th December 2016 Revised 18th May 2017 Accepted on 30th June 2017 . Our study sought to investigate this in view of its potential importance for cancer detection. A, Mediolateral oblique (A) and craniocaudal (B) screening mammograms show atypical lobular hyperplasia in left upper central breast with architectural distortion (arrows) at site of previous biopsy. breast tissue and pectoralis included in the image. In this paper we present a method to link potentially suspicious mass regions detected by a Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) scheme in mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC) mammographic views of the breast. Mediolateral oblique view obtained after breast conservation treatment and axillary dissection in a patient with a 2-cm invasive ductal cancer. An algorithm for determining the orientation of mediolateral oblique view mammograms is presented. It is the most important projection as it allows depiction of most breast tissue. The nipple should be depicted in profile and a small stomach fold can be visible as a sign that the whole breast is reproduced. The mediolateral oblique (MLO) view is one of the standard views obtained during every screening exam. the marker is placed along the lower border of the breast 3.) A, Craniocaudal (A) and mediolateral oblique (B) images of right breast in 46-year-old woman show classic appearance. However, if the size of your breasts change or the density variation becomes larger over time, these . Our protocol is to review the current CC views side-by-side (with the chest wall of the left breast next to that of the right breast) and the MLO views (also side-by-side, as for the CC views) on the lower panel of the roller-scope, with a comparison study ob- For every possible combination of mass regions in the MLO view and CC view, a number of features are computed, such as the difference in distance of a . The algorithm has been tested on the entire MIAS . The mediolateral oblique view (MLO) is taken from an oblique or angled view. Sagging breast, cut off bottom of breast on film for RT MLO view Positioning Other body parts projected over breast Nonstandard angulation MLO 30-60 degree Posterior nipple line on craniocaudal view not within 1 cm of that on the mediolateral oblique view Breast positioned too high on image receptor More importantly, CAD systems can improve the mammo-graphic detection of breast cancer at screening by reducing However, this report is often available to you, and you . Routine mammography consists of craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views. The height is at the level of the axilla.The arm of the side being examined is lifted and supported on top of the bucky. It is the most important projection as it allows to depict most breast tissue. mediolateral view A standard view taken from the centre of the chest outward. A screening examination will consist of: - A 2D image set consisting of a craniocaudal view and of a mediolateral oblique view, or We claim services as global charges. So, 'Cranial-Caudal' (CC) is a view from above. Click here to learn more about views taken during mammography. A Comparison of Breast Cancer Visibility in the Mediolateral Oblique and Craniocaudal Views Presented at ARRS 2013, 177, SS 27 Breast Imaging OBjeCTiVe To evaluate the added benefit in acquiring both tomosynthesis views (craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique) rather than a single view in visualizing breast cancer. One-view (mediolateral oblique) tomosynthesis was performed in addition to diagnostic mammography and screening mammography, which reveals dense parenchyma or abnormal findings. Scattered areas of fibroglandular density - composition b. Sagging breast, cut off bottom of breast on film for RT MLO view Positioning Other body parts projected over breast Nonstandard angulation MLO 30-60 degree Posterior nipple line on craniocaudal view not within 1 cm of that on the mediolateral oblique view Breast positioned too high on image receptor Inflammatory breast carcinoma in 43-year-old, presenting with right breast lump, pain and erythema with yellow nipple discharge and palpable right axillary lymph nodes. The study results demonstrated that obtaining both views is necessary to ensure that a cancer will be optimally visualized and derive the greatest . Automatic pectoral muscle segmentation on mediolateral oblique view mammograms Abstract: Mammograms are X-ray images of the breast which are used to detect breast cancer. 0. A straight lateral view for an asymmetry seen only on a mediolateral oblique (MLO) view and a rolled view for an asymmetry seen only on a craniocaudal (CC) view. A one-view asymmetry that is not in the posterior breast would usually have been included on the other view. Breast asymmetry is a common characteristic for women, and is often no cause for concern. Typically, the radiologist will request additional views from other X-ray angles as an immediate follow up. • For the MLO, the plane of the cassette holder can be angled anywhere from 30 to 60 degrees from the horizontal, so that the cassette is parallel to the pectoral muscle. If no MLO projection is taken, the mediolateral view is generally preferred to the lateromedial view, given that the lateral side of the breast—where the pathological changes are most commonly found—is then closest to the film. Replacing single-view mediolateral oblique (MLO) digital mammography (DM) with synthesized mammography (SM) with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images: Comparison of the diagnostic performance and radiation dose with two-view DM with or without MLO-DBT A cleavage view may also be performed if the radiologist sees something suspicious in the mediolateral-oblique (MLO) mammogram view and cannot find the area on the cranial-caudal view (CC) view. Lesions that move superiorly on the mediolateral view relative to the mediolateral oblique view are located medially, whereas lateral lesions move inferiorly on the mediolateral view. The mediolateral (ML) view is a supplementary mammographic view and shows less breast tissue and pectoral muscle than the mediolateral oblique view .. E, Single-slice DBT image in mediolateral oblique view. When mammograms are analyzed by computer, the pectoral muscle should preferably be excluded from processing intended for the breast tissue. It is the most important projection as it allows to depict most breast tissue. Of these two routine views in mammography, the MLO view is the more important projection as when correctly performed potentially all breast tissue is imaged , , , , . Lisa Jacobs, M.D., Johns Hopkins breast cancer surgeon, and Eniola Oluyemi, M.D., Johns Hopkins Community Breast Imaging radiologist, receive many questions about how to interpret common findings on a mammogram report.The intent of the report is a communication between the doctor who interprets your mammogram and your primary care doctor. In the right upper quadrants there is a small nodule with spiculated margins (better seen in fig. Technique. Craniocaudal (CC) view and mediolateral oblique (MLO) view were carried out for each breast. Mammogram (right mediolateral oblique) This image represents one of the common mammographic views. Caption: Figure 1: Left breast mammography, mediolateral oblique (a) . The me . An Electrical Impedance Mammographic Scheme — Norms and Pathology. The top of the image is then determined using the asymmetry of the breast around its vertical centroid. This paper proposes a novel and automatic . 1 shows the mammographic images with the MLO and CC views from a patient. Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance and radiation dose of single view cranio-caudal (CC) digital mammography (DM) plus mediolateral oblique (MLO) digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) combined with synthesized mammography (SM) in comparison with two-view DM with or without DBT. The oblique view was also shown to be superior to the mediolateral view for breast cancer detection (28,29). The MLO view allows visualization of the largest amount of breast tissue. The breast is therefore routinely imaged in two views, the craniocaudal view (CC) and the mediolateral oblique view, (MLO). B, If the posterior line measures 11.5 cm on the MLO view, then the posterior nipple line on the craniocaudal view must measure at least 10.5 cm . It is the most important projection as it allows depiction of most breast tissue. In this paper we present a method to match corresponding regions in mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC) mammographic views of the breast. The MLO view is taken with the X-ray beam directed from superomedial to inferolateral, usually at an angle of 30-60°, Adequacy. Fig. 9: Bilateral mediolateral oblique view mammography. In that case, the asymmetry is either due to summation artifact (see Fig. From Fig. Fibroglandular tissue, the breast ducts and lobules, comprises the bulk of the dense material seen in a mammogram. By Alexander Karpov, Andrey Kolobanov and Marina Korotkova The projection of an isolated non-homogeneity along the . Although the oblique view showed more breast tissue than the lateral view, two views were ultimately found to be better than a single view. Material and methods: This study was approved by our institutional review board, and informed consent was . Applying an adequate degree of breast compression before shooting the x-rays helps increase the image contrast by reducing motion artifact and enhancing the x-ray penetration. Similarly, if a lesion is seen only on the craniocaudal view, rolled craniocaudal views are obtained to confirm its presence and show its location ( , 3 ). 3D DBT images suitable for screening and diagnosis of breast cancer. The mediolateral oblique (MLO) view is one of the two standard mammographic views, alongside the craniocaudal (CC) view.. 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